The 2022 Synthesis Report presents internationally comparable data and analysis for 135 countries and provides insights into ways to strengthen the resilience of subnational public finance. It provides reliable and comparable information on multi-level governance frameworks, decentralisation and territorial reforms, subnational government responsibilities, fiscal decentralisation, and covers dozens of indicators on subnational expenditure, investment, revenue and debt.

It also offers a specific focus on the impact of the pandemic on subnational governments, the territorial dimension of recovery plans, property taxation systems, innovative subnational budgeting practices, subnational public-private partnerships, and a special chapter dedicated to 31 Least Developed Countries.

• 2022 Synthesis Report
• Highlights of the Synthesis Report:
  • Highlight of the Synthesis Report in English
  • Principales conclusions du rapport de synthèse en français
  • Conclusiones principales del informe de síntesis en español
• Multi-level governance and subnational finance in Asia and the Pacific
• Country profiles
• Conference

After a successful pilot phase, a second edition of the SNG-WOFI was launched at the first meeting of the Steering Committee on 17 November 2017. Released in 2019, the second edition produced a unique set of quantitative and qualitative data for 124 countries, representing 84% of the world surface area, 86% of the world population, and 89% of global GDP. The work confirmed that multi-level governance systems experience frequent changes and adjustments and that the way in which responsibilities are assigned is often complex and opaque.

The outputs of the second edition were made public during the SNG-WOFI International Conference, which gathered more than 150 participants from 35 countries. The presentation of the main findings of the report was an opportunity to organise a high-level discussion around the importance of multi-level governance and subnational finance for making the most of public investment, and to raise awareness on issues of data availability and reliability.

• 2019 Synthesis Report

• Country Profiles
• Summary of the Conference

In October 2016, the OECD and UCLG have joined forces to conduct a pilot study, which was launched at the UCLG Summit in Bogota. It was a first attempt to build a systematic data compilation on local finances across in the world, based on quantitative and qualitative data. This study presents the main organisational and financial indicators related to subnational governments in 101 federal and unitary countries and territories worldwide. The study confirmed that there is a growing demand worldwide for reliable, objective and comparative information and data on different topics regarding multi-level governance and finance.

• 2016 Synthesis Report
• Country Profiles